Simfoni Pikiran

  peta Jazirah Arab       Periodisasi sejarah Peradaban Islam Sejarah berjalan dari masa lalu ke masa kini dan melanjutkannya ke masa depan. Dalam perjaalanan sejarah selalu mengalami pasang surut dalam interval-interval yang berbeda-beda. Rangkaian dari suatu masa dalam sejarah dinamakan deengan periodisasi sejarah. Periodisasi sejarah ini bukan hanya dikarenakan waktu tertentu, tetapi sejarah yang terjadi dalam waktu tersebut memiliki cirri khusus sehingga periode yang satu dapat dibedakan dengan yang lainnya dikarenakan cirri khususnya. Mengenai periodisasi sejarah Islam ini, para peneliti sejarah berbeda pendapat kapan dimulainya periodisasi sejarah Islam itu. Sebagian mengatakan bahwa sejarah Islam itu dimulai sejak lahirnya diangkatnya Nabi Muhammada sebagai Rasul. Tetapi pendapat lain mengatakan bahwa sejarah Islam itu dimulai sejak Nabi hijrah ke Madinah dan membangun Islam di sana. Tidak terkecuali dalam menentukan periodisasi sejarah I...

Candi Bahal, Biaro Bahal, or Temple Portibi is flow Vajrayana Buddhist temple complex located in the village Bahal, District Alternating Padang, Portibi, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra, which is about a 3 hour drive from Padangsidempuan or is around 400 km from Medan. The temple is made of red bricks and supposedly originated around the 11th century and was associated with the Kingdom Pannai, one of the ports on the coast of the Straits of Malacca were conquered and became part of Srivijaya mandala. The temple is named after the village where the building stands. Moreover Portibi name in Batak language means 'world' or 'earth' uptake term derived from the Sanskrit: Earth (Earth goddess). The architecture of this temple is quite similar to the existing temple Jabung Probolinggo, East Java. The temple complex This temple is a temple complex (the local term called Biaro) the largest in the province of North Sumatra, because their area surrounding the temple...

1. Everett M. Rogers, Komunikasi adalah proses dimana suatu ide dialihkan dari sumber kepada suatu penerima atau lebih, dengan maksud untuk mengubah tingkah laku mereka. (pengantar Ilmu komunikasi, 1998, hal 20, Prof. Dr. Hafied Cangara, M. Sc.) (Ilmu Komunikasi Suatu Pengantar , 2005, hal 62, Dedy Mulyana) 2. Rogers & D. Lawrence Kincaid, 1981, Komunikasi adalah suatu proses dimana dua orang atau lebih membentuk atau melakukan pertukaran informasi dengan satu sama lainnya, yang pada gilirannya akan tiba pada saling pengertian yang mendalam. (pengantar Ilmu komunikasi, 1998, hal 20, Prof. Dr. Hafied Cangara, M. Sc.) 3. Shannon & Weaver, 1949, Komunikasi adalah bentuk interaksi manusia yang saling pengaruh mempengaruhi satu sama lainnya, sengaja atau tidak sengaja. Tidak terbatas pada bentuk komunikasi menggunakan bahasa verbal, tetapi juga dalam hal ekspresi muka, lukisan, seni, dan teknologi. (pengantar Ilmu komunikasi, 1998, hal 20, Prof. Dr. Hafied Cangara, M. Sc.)...

1. Learning and instruction 1.1 Basic concepts 1.1.1 Communications and learning Variousjheories or models for communication have been put forward. They areof • two main types: psychological models, which examinc the interaction betwcen the learner and his environment (who says what to whom, under what conditions and with what eflect); and engineering models, which cxplain the process in such terms as 'input', 'output' and 'mcssage' and use analogies lo communication in electronic circuiu or servo-mechanisms. r- An example of the engineering kind of model is represented diagrammatically in 'f Figure 1.1. This is the Shannon-Weaver model (1949). A message is generated at source and is transmitted by some medium to a receiver at the destination. Any other irrelevant or distraeting messages being received are referred to as 'noise' in the communication system. The objective of eflective communication is to maintain the maximum 'signal...

A systematic approach to instructional design 2.1 The emergence of the systems approach What happens when you put the theoretical ideas just discussed into practice? Very soon, two questions assume great importance: 1. How do we know we have the right objectives specified? 2. How do we measure the success of our course? 1.     Valid objectives Taking the first question and re-phrasing it, we might ask — where do course objectives come from Several answers are possible: (a) A need for certain knowledge or skills is dictated by the trainee's future job. (b) Certain knowledge or skills are held to be desirable by the society in which the trainee lives. (c) The trainee himself is interested in attaining certain knowledge or skills. (d) The teacher has personal interests or preferences which he intends to transmit if at all possible. The first two summarize the vocational and non-vocational objectives of a course, the third to a large extent gove...